Using Extension with Standard/Custom controllers

A controller extension is any Apex class containing a constructor that takes a single argument of type ApexPages.StandardController or CustomControllerName, where CustomControllerName is the name of a custom controller you want to extend.

Use controller extensions when:

• Standard Controller :- You want to leverage the built-in functionality of a standard controller but override one or more actions, such as edit, view, save, or delete.
• Custom Controller :- You want to add new actions or you can use a method in a different controller (which helps to eliminate code duplication)

Sample Extension class for Standard Controller

public class stdControllerExtension {
    
    public stdControllerExtension(ApexPages.StandardController sc) {
        // your code
    }

    ...
    // your methods goes here
    ...
}

Sample Visualforce page

<apex:page standardController="Account" extensions="stdControllerExtension">

Sample Extension class for Custom Controller

Lets say your custom controller name is DemoController then you can add extension as follows

public class controllerExtension {
    
    public controllerExtension(DemoController dc) {
        // your code
    }

    ...
    // your methods goes here
    ...
}

Sample Visualforce page

<apex:page controller="DemoController" extensions="controllerExtension">